2010 July 30 | FuelCellsWorks

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Electron Beam Helps Building a Fuel Cell

Source : Russia-InfoCenter

Russian physicists from Tomsk (the Institute of High-Current Electronics, Siberian branch of Russian academy of sciences) suggest using some particular features of high-current electron beam for building fuel cells for hydrogen economy.

Protein synthesis is a very complicated process, which is executed at a ribosome, special cell organelle. A hydrogen economy is proposed to solve some of the negative effects of using hydrocarbon fuels where the carbon is released to the atmosphere and is thought to cause various negative effects on climate of our planet. Today hydrogen is used mainly in two ways: first is ammonia production, which later is used as a fertilizer. Second is when hydrogen is used to convert heavy petroleum sources into lighter fractions for further use as fuels.

Employers of the Institute of High-Current Electronics have been performing fundamental studies of how pulse high-current electron beams affected solid surfaces and modified their properties for over twenty years. Such a sustainable interest to these beams can be explained by their very interesting property – electron beams can melt surface of any material. While melting, electron beams change properties of these surfaces; they become less rough and more corrosion-proof. This effect is now widely used in practice – electron beam processing is now an essential part of final smoothing of various metal parts.

Researchers recently discovered promising properties of electron beams in the field of producing solid oxide fuel cells for hydrogen economy. These cells have high efficiency, they are noiseless and have long service life, however, they aren’t widely used due to the lack of economically acceptable production technology.

Fuel cell or fuel element is an electrochemical generator, which transform energy of chemical interaction of hydrogen and oxygen into electric energy. Central part of this element looks like a three-layer sandwich, consisting of anode, electrolyte and cathode. Anode, a positive electrode, is a metal-ceramic plate with porosity reaching 40%, made of a mix of nickel and zirconium oxide granules. Pores in anode provide migration of hydrogen to the border between anode and ceramic electrolyte made of yttrium-stabilized zirconium oxide, which should be impermeable to gas. In order to make operation temperature low, ceramic electrolyte should be as thin as several microns. Researchers suggest using electron beam for this purpose.

Experiments, conducted by Russian physicists, showed that one impulse of an electron beam was enough to melt surface of a metal-ceramic anode to a depth of about 1 micrometer. This is possible under some certain parameters, chosen for the experiment. After processing, porosity of the melted layer became tens of times less than the whole anode plate had. Electrolyte film, applied to a modified anode surface by means of reactive magnetron sputtering, for instance, became almost impermeable to gas, being only 1-2 micrometers thick. Prototypes of fuel cells, made by means of abovementioned technology, showed extremely good operational characteristics.

Sources: Science News

July 30, 2010 - 7:19 AM No Comments

Global Tungsten & Powders Corp. (GTP) announced it will invest more than $10 million at its plant in Towanda by the end of 2011, including facilities to produce a component for “solid oxide fuel cells.”

Source : Towanda Daily Review

Photo: N/A, License: N/A, Created: 2007:10:19 23:52:23

Review Photo/JAMES LOEWENSTEIN The Global Tungsten & Powders plant in Towanda will be producing components for fuel cells that will allow companies to produce electricity on site.

TOWANDA - Global Tungsten & Powders Corp. (GTP) announced Thursday that it will invest more than $10 million at its plant in Towanda by the end of 2011, including constructing facilities to produce a component for a new product that generates electricity, called a “solid oxide fuel cell.”

The investment is expected to create 30 new jobs at the plant by the end of 2011, which will be needed to produce components of the fuel cells, and more jobs could be created after that, said Craig Rieder, director of human resources at the plant.

Solid oxide fuel cells efficiently convert natural gas, bio-ethanol, or biogas into electricity, according to a press release that was issued Thursday by the company.

The fuel cells provide an alternative to both today’s electric grid and traditional renewable energy sources like wind and solar, the press release said.

The fuel cells allow customers “to create their own electricity on site, eliminating the need for investments in transmission lines and concerns with power outages,” the press release states.

The total amount that GTP plans to spend on capital expenditures at its Towanda plant through the end of 2011 is estimated to be in the “double digit millions,” Rieder said.

However, he said he could not be more specific at this time on the amount that will be spent.

“The investment strategy (at the Towanda plant, which) includes emphasis on new technology of tungsten powder production, military products, phosphor, specialty products and the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) project is estimated in the double digit millions in capital expenditures by the end of 2011,” the press release said.

The investments made at the plant through the end of 2011 will include new equipment, a small addition for the solid oxide fuel cell production, building modifications and site preparation, Rieder said.

GTP is embarking on a “multi-year investment plan” at its Towanda plant that will increase the capacity of its core tungsten powder business and allow the plant to produce components of solid oxide fuel cells, the press release said.

GTP’s plans to produce a component for solid oxide fuel cells at the Towanda plant is “very good news,” because it means increased business for the plant and additional jobs, Rieder said.

“It’s a very good and efficient technology,” Rieder said.

Solid oxide fuel cells produced using components made at the Towanda plant would be used in industry, he said.

There are companies that are already using solid oxide fuel cells to produce electricity, he said.

“At the core of each SOFC are fuel cell stacks, consisting of ceramic electrolytes joined together with a thin metal interconnect,” the press release said. “The interconnects are made from an advanced refractory metal alloy engineered by GTP to allow the stacks to operate continuously at temperatures of approximately 900 Celsius (1,652 Fahrenheit) without deteriorating, while maintaining high electrical conductivity. GTP produces the interconnects using a powder metallurgy process.”

The construction of the addition for the production of components for solid oxide fuel cells has already started, and will be completed later this year, Rieder said. Manufacturing equipment for the SOFC components is scheduled to arrive at the plant late this year, with production of the components scheduled to begin by the summer of 2011, the press release said.

“The first phase of this highly automated production process (for producing components of the fuel cells) is expected to create approximately 30 new jobs,” the press release said. “Further expansion is also expected beyond the first phase of the project.”

The addition for the production of SOFC components will be small, as a lot of the space needed for the production is inside the existing plant, Rieder said.

“Business conditions have been improving since the economic crisis of 2009, however GTP remains cautious that the improvement will be sustained over time,” the press release said. “GTP currently employs just over 900 employees.”

Global Tungsten & Powders Corp. is a division of the PLANSEE Group, headquartered in Reutte, Austria.

July 30, 2010 - 6:21 AM No Comments